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D7.3 Final Impact Assessment - Full paper

This document is deliverable, D7.3 “Final impact assessment report”. Deliverable 7.3 defines the framework and methodology for assessing the impact of the DIAMOND project and the extent to which the objective(s) are achieved. This specific objective is directly linked to the main issues identified in each of the use-cases (‘Deliverable D2.2 Methodology and Conceptual framework”):

♦ Use Case I - Public Transport Infrastructures (Railways)
♦ Use Case II: Autonomous vehicles
♦ Use Case III: Bike Sharing services
♦ Use Case IV: Employment of Women in Rail Industry and Freight/CSR Protocols

The proposed framework for the impact assessment is in two folds;
♦ Productive Equity Assessment and
♦ Sensitivity Analysis.

The Productive Equity Assessment identifies, measures, and assesses the Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency (the 3Es) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for each Use Case. Two types of sensitivity analysis are conducted:

♦ Sensitivity analysis over time and
♦ Sensitivity analysis over space.

The Sensitivity Analysis assesses the robustness of results (Top10 FCs) and fairness measures over time and over space. The outputs from the sensitivity analysis have been used to build the impact reports in this deliverable (D7.3).

Summary Findings:
The Fairness characteristics (as identified in WP3 and WP4) are the core of the DIAMOND analysis, and this impact assessment report. Generally, the key findings relate to the Aim of DIAMOND and closely follow the Fairness Characteristics (FCs). The results across the multiple research methods and the intersectional analysis suggest the following conclusions:

Use Case I: Public transport
In assessing the impact of the FCs on equity with respect to public transport (UC I), the results suggest that women particularly have accessibility challenges, which should be understood in the context of special needs relating to the family and caring responsibilities that women negotiate with in their daily routines. Specific attention should focus on level of services (accessibility and availability), safety and security, and information provision. The key FCs with the potential to deliver equity for women as users of public transport services relates to accessibility of the stations (such as ramps, escalators and lifts for persons with disabilities) which corresponds to “FC114: Adapt the station access with ramps, escalators and lifts for users with special needs.”, “FC112: Coordinated timetables between the different transport modes in the stations.” and “FC111: Availability of information that indicate and allows access to key destination. The results show that 43% of FCs remained in the top 10 FCs from the analysis of Vertex 1 of the Inclusion Diamond (Public transport Today) and 67% for Vertex 3 (Public transport tomorrow, under the futuristic scenario of Hyperloop). The results indicate 20-80% of the top 10 FCs changed in the hierarchized list in both vertexes, therefore the Top 10 FCs of UC I are sustainable in the mid-term. 40% of Top 10 FCs for POLISH and SPANISH women are different in the UC I, perhaps due to the significant difference between the POLISH and the SPANISH railways infrastructures, as has been shown after the ANOVA analysis. The results can be easily used in fields like aviation, logistic or maritime transport.

Use Case II: Autonomous Vehicles
In assessing the impact of the FCs on equity in relation to Autonomous Vehicles (UC II), the results suggest that women are particularly concerned about safety and security and the performance of simultaneous tasks whilst travelling. In relation to women’s use of autonomous vehicles, the most important fairness measures include education about sportive driving mode “FC637: Education about sportive driving mode when it is activated: Benefits and disadvantages”, “FC6327: Automated system for speed controlling” and “FC219: Dissemination and promotional campaigns about safety mechanisms in the case of bad weather.” have a higher equity score.
The results also show that 70% of FCs remained the in the top 10 FCs of Vertex 2 of the Inclusion Diamond (autonomous driving under Level 4+) and 78% for Vertex 4 (autonomous driving over Level 4+). The results indicate that less than 20% of the top 10 FCs changed from the analysis in both vertexes. Therefore, the Top 10 FCs of UC 1I are sustainable in the mid-term.

Use Case III: Bike sharing
In assessing the impact of the FCs on equity with respect to Bike sharing, the results suggest that women are particularly concerned about accessibility, safety, awareness and cost. The challenges of women could be understood in the context of the availability and accessibility of the services and the safety of the bicycle infrastructure with respect to shared vehicular/bicycle network and traffic speed. Policy and interventions should focus on ensuring bikes availability at stations, the reliability of the services and providing safe infrastructure. The key FCs with the potential to deliver equity for women as users of bicycle-sharing services are FCs “FC237: Provide recommendations to customers with alternative routes avoiding high-speed roads from point A to B, “FC312: Separate cycle lanes free from vehicular traffic” and “FC332: Safe cycle routes for cycling with children” are the highest rank FCs in the achieving equity in the se of bike-sharing. The finding of this use case can be easily used in fields like scooter sharing and similar services of sharing.

Use Case IV: Employability in the transport sector
In assessing the impact of the FCs on equity with respect to women employability in the transport sector, the results suggest that women are particularly concerned about career development and flexible working opportunities. These challenges should be understood in the context women needs relating to the family and childcare responsibilities that most career women also deal with. The key FCs with the potential to deliver equity for women employability in the transport sector are the measure that relates to CSR protocol readiness “FC451: To have ready a written CSR protocol / policy” and FC313: Ability of staff to change shift patterns at short notice to reflect caring needs”.
Similarly, the results show that 82% of FCs remained the in the top 10 FCs of Vertex 3 of the Inclusion Diamond (employment Today) and 85% for Vertex 6 (employment tomorrow, under the futuristic scenario of employment based on logistics of drones). These indicate that less than 20% of the top 10 FCs changed from the analysis in both vertexes. Hence, the Top 10 FCs of UC 1V are sustainable in the long-term. 40% of Top 10 FCs for POLISH and SPANISH women are different in the UC IV, we however, do not have any resource to explain the observed difference. The findings of UC IV (employment of women in jobs related with the transport system) can be easily used in fields like motor vehicle drivers, building frame and related trade workers, managers of small enterprises, construction, physical and engineering science technicians and machinery mechanics.